Dialysis provider Fresenius Medical Care has established the China Design Center for its global research and development division. The center is located in Caohejing Hi-Tech Park in the Minhang District in Shanghai.

 The dialysis provider said additional employees will be recruited in Germany and China.

"This new center is an important step to strengthen our presence in the high-growth dialysis markets of the emerging market nations and, thus, our position as the global leader in dialysis products and services," said Dr. Olaf Schermeier, Fresenius Medical Care's Chief Executive Officer for Global Research and Development. "Consolidating our collective knowledge and expertise will increase innovation and enhance our ability to provide cost-effective products that achieve the highest medical standards for the growing patient base in the region."

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High phosphate levels cause a stress signal inside the cells that line blood vessels, leading to the release of microparticles that promote the formation of blood clots.

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Leicester in England has found that high phosphate levels can cause a stress signal inside the cells that line blood vessels, leading to the release of microparticles that promote the formation of blood clots. The study, “Hyperphosphatemia, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, and Microparticle Release in Vascular Endothelial Cells,” is published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

Inorganic phosphate is a nutrient in nearly all diets. Because patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lose the ability to excrete excess phosphate in their urine, the nutrient accumulates in their blood and cells. Such “hyperphosphatemia” is thought to be an important contributor to CKD patients’ increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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To investigate the link between hyperphosphatemia and cardiovascular disease link, a team led by Alan Bevington, BA, DPhil and PhD student Nima Abbasian, BSc, MSc, from the University of Leicester, examined the effects of hyperphosphatemia on the cells that form the lining of blood vessels. The researchers’ experiments revealed a mechanism by which an excess of inorganic phosphate—similar to levels found in the blood of CKD patients—causes a stress signal inside these cells. In cells that are stressed in this way, fragments known as microparticles break off from the cells and can promote the formation of blood clots.

“This is important because blocking of blood vessels by blood clots—a process known as thrombosis—is a common cause of injury and death, occurring in a wide range of human illnesses including CKD,” said Bevington.

While the effects described in this study are especially relevant to patients with kidney dysfunction who lose the ability to excrete excess phosphate in their urine, nearly all modern Western diets are rich in phosphate, so even healthy individuals with normally functioning kidneys may experience some elevation of blood phosphate levels. In addition, there are a number of metabolic disturbances that can raise phosphate levels inside cells. “It’s possible therefore that the results of this study will also be relevant in other situations in addition to CKD,” said Abbasian.

Study co-authors include James Burton, BA, MBChB, MRCP, DM, Karl Herbert, BSc, PhD, Barbara-Emily Tregunna, BSc, MSc, Jeremy Brown, BSc, MSc, Maryam Ghaderi-Najafabadi, BSc, MSc, Nigel Brunskill, MBChB, ECFMG, PhD, FRCP, and Alison Goodall, BSc, PhD.

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The FDA recently issued a safety alert warning health care providers and patients not to share diabetes pen devices intended for single patient use – even if the needles are changed. The FDA will now add this warning to packages of pens containing diabetic medication, such as insulin.

Even if the needle is changed, pens may harbor traces of blood on other parts. That opens the possibility of transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis viruses.

The warning follows reports of thousands of patients possibly exposed to infections by shared pens, starting as far back as 2008. In January 2009, for example, a U.S. Army facility revealed that 2,114 patients were potentially exposed to bloodborne pathogens when insulin pens were used on more than one patient, according to the FDA. Following the incident, the FDA and other organizations sent safety alerts to health care facilities, health care providers, and patients. However, despite multiple communications by health authorities, errors continued to occur. The updated warning label is the latest attempt to stem the problem.

Pen devices that will now carry the single-use warning include, by brand name: Apidra, Humalog, Humalog Mix 50/50, Humalog Mix 75/25, Humulin N, Humulin R, Humulin 70/30, Novolin N, Novolog, Novolog Mix 50/50, Novolog Mix 70/30, Lantus, Levemir, Symlin, Victoza and Byetta.

Health care providers are urged to educate their patients about safe use of pens, label injectable medications with the patient's name if used in health care facilities, and train their staff.

Source

1. FDA News Release, Feb 25, 2015 

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today authorized use of Lixelle Beta 2-microglobulin Apheresis Column, the first device to treat dialysis-related amyloidosis. The Lixelle Column is manufactured by Kaneka Corporation in Osaka, Japan and distributed in the U.S. by its subsidiary, Kaneka Pharma America.

Dialysis-related amyloidosis is a chronic, progressive condition caused by the buildup in the body of a protein called beta 2-microglobulin. Dialysis-related amyloidosis is a complication of kidney failure. As beta 2-microglobulin builds up in the blood, deposits of the protein can form in the bones, joints and tendons causing painful and stiff joints, bone cysts that can lead to bone fractures, and torn tendons and ligaments. Beta 2-microglobulin deposits can also affect the digestive tract and organs, such as the heart and lungs.

Dialysis-related amyloidosis most often occurs in patients with kidney failure, especially adults older than 60, who have been on hemodialysis for more than five years.   
The Lixelle Column works by removing beta 2-microglobin from the blood. It contains porous cellulose beads specifically designed to bind to beta 2-microglobulin as the patient’s blood passes over the beads. The device is used in conjunction with hemodialysis, a treatment where blood circulates outside the body through a special filter that removes waste products and extra fluid. The clean blood is returned to the body. When the Lixelle Column is used, the blood passes through the Lixelle Column before it enters the dialysis filter.

The device may help patients who have developed symptoms related to DRA and may be especially useful for those patients who may not have access to extended dialysis therapies or who may not be eligible for a kidney transplant.
“While DRA affects only a small population of patients on dialysis, there are not many treatment options for these patients and some options may not be available to patients in all areas,” said William Maisel, MD, MPH, deputy director for science, chief scientist and acting director of the Office of Device Evaluation in FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health. “The Lixelle Beta 2-microglobulin Apheresis Column may provide this patient population with an option for relieving some of the debilitating symptoms of DRA.”   

Data supporting the safety and probable benefit of the Lixelle Column include published clinical studies describing treatment of approximately 100 patients from Japan with DRA, and post-market safety data from approximately 200 patients in Japan where the device has been approved for use. The studies generally showed improvement in symptoms associated with DRA with use of the device.

The most common adverse events associated with the device’s use are temporary hypotension (low blood pressure) and a decrease in hematocrit. As a condition of the HDE approval, the company must conduct a postmarket study to gain more data on the benefits, risks, and adverse events in the U.S. population.

The FDA reviewed the Lixelle Column through the Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE) pathway. An HDE is an application that is similar to a premarket approval application (PMA), but it is exempt from the effectiveness requirements that apply to PMAs. Devices are eligible for HUD designation if they are designed to treat or diagnose a disease or condition that affects or is manifested in fewer than 4,000 individuals in the United States per year. In order to receive HDE approval for a HUD, a company must demonstrate safety and probable benefit of the device, and that there are no legally-marketed comparable devices, other than a device approved under the HDE or investigational device exemption IDE, available to treat or diagnose the disease or condition.
 

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